In human history, pathogenic microorganisms do more harm to health than wars. Unfortunately, pathogens remain a threat in the 21st century. Many microbial threats have occurred globally, In the last quarter century. Moreover, during the “4th Epidemiological Transition” process, ecological, anthropogenic, sociodemographic dynamics have changed and the risks of new pathogens have increased. In the last quarter of the “Anthropocene Age” globalization, emerging zoonotic infections and climate change have caused enormous problems.